Fortran 90 also allows the use of ! character. FORTRAN 66 comments are denoted by the C character in column 1, while FORTRAN 77 comments may also use * in column 1 instead.Contemporary Fortran versions bears little mind to obsolete formats, beginning with FORTRAN 90. Strangely, IBM and DEC had virtually the same set of extensions.ĭifferences between versions Early versions of Fortran were often used in conjunction with punch cards. Complex numbers as a basic type were also added.įORTRAN 77 added strings as a distinct type.įortran 90 added various sorts of threading, and direct array processing.įortran 2003 added object orientated features, derived types, language interoperability with C, data manipulation and many I/O enhancements.įortran 2008 added coarrays and parallelism and submodules.įortran 2018 added even more C interoperability and parallelism features.Īlthough Fortran became a standardized language early, many companies had their own extensions to it. However, there was no string variable type.įORTRAN IV added the IF/ THEN concept, the concept of logical expressions, with operators. Where today one might code 'hello', FORTRAN II used 5Hhello. It also had an odd type of string literal, called Hollerith literals (after the inventor of the keypunch and IBM). In FORTRAN II, IF statements had the form: IF ( numeric_expression) label_if_negative, label_if_zero, label_if_positive. The versions of Fortran most commonly remaining in use are FORTRAN 77, Fortran 90 and later. All later versions of Fortran are numbered after the year the standard was released. FORTRAN 66 was the first standardized version and was released in 1966. FORTRAN I, II, III and IV are considered obsolete and contained many machine-dependent features. There have been several versions of Fortran. Aside from contemporary versions of Fortran, many programming languages were influenced by early versions of Fortran. It is believed that the first successful compilation of a small Fortran program took place on September 20, 1954.įortran Versions A programming language family tree, focusing on Fortran/Speedcoding and COBOL/FLOW-MATIC. Several websites indicate that the work on Fortran was started in 1954 and released commercially in 1957. Until the C language became popular, Fortran had been one of the few high level languages with a reasonable degree of portability between different computer systems. Initially it was specifically aimed at scientific calculations and thereby had very limited support for working with character strings and lacked other provisions important for a general purpose programming language, which it will attain later during its extensive development that ensued after its successful debut. The name Fortran stands for FORmula TRANslator. Originally, the name was written in all capital letters, but current standards and implementations only require the first letter to be capital. Origins An IBM 704, the platform Fortran originally targeted at inception.įortran was created by a team lead by John Backus at IBM in 1957.
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